We ask authors to describe their impressions regarding the implications of their accepted work, how their findings will change practice, and what is noteworthy about the work.

Brief intervention for daily marijuana users identified by screening in primary care: A subgroup analysis of the ASPIRE randomized clinical trial
Daniel Fuster , Debbie M. Cheng , Na Wang , Judith A. Bernstein , Tibor P. Palfai , Daniel P. Alford , Jeffrey H. Samet, Richard Saitz
Substance Abuse
Vol. 37, Iss. 2, 2016

Marijuana is the illicit drug most commonly used by patients in primary care identified by screening, but the efficacy of brief intervention to decrease marijuana use is not known. In this study, we assessed the impact of two brief interventions on marijuana use among daily/ or almost daily marijuana users in primary care. The two brief interventions, a Brief Negotiated Interview lasting 10-15 minute structured interview, and an Adaptation of Motivational Interviewing (MOTIV), that lasted for 30-45 minute intervention, were compared to no intervention. Our results suggest that the two forms of brief intervention have no apparent impact on marijuana use or drug-related problems among primary care patients with frequent marijuana use identified by screening. Therefore, efforts to address marijuana use in non-treatment seeking individuals identified by universal screening should shift from screening and one-time brief intervention to other more intensive interventions.

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Our newly released issue is now online —> April-June 2016.
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We ask authors to describe their impressions regarding the implications of their accepted work, how their findings will change practice, and what is noteworthy about the work.

Prevalence of marijuana and other substance use before and after Washington State’s change from legal medical marijuana to legal medical and nonmedical marijuana: Cohort comparisons in a sample of adolescents
W. Alex Mason , Charles B. Fleming , Jay L. Ringle , Koren Hanson , Thomas J. Gross , Kevin P. Haggerty
Substance Abuse
Vol. 37, Iss. 2, 2016

This study is one of the first to explore the degree to which the transition from legal medical marijuana to legal medical and non-medical marijuana in Washington State might influence adolescent marijuana and other substance use. Results providing some support for marijuana-for-cigarettes and marijuana-for-alcohol substitution effects shortly after the non-medical marijuana law was enacted suggest that continued monitoring of marijuana as well as other substance use among adolescents is needed as legalization takes root. The analytic model used in the current study may be useful for further tests in longer-term studies with larger samples.

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Our newly released issue is now online —> April-June 2016.
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We ask authors to describe their impressions regarding the implications of their accepted work, how their findings will change practice, and what is noteworthy about the work.

Contemplation of smoking cessation and quit attempts in human immunodeficiency virus–infected and uninfected veterans
Shahida Shahrir , Hilary A. Tindle , Kathleen A. McGinnis , David A. Fiellin , Joseph Goulet , Kathleen M. Akgün , Cynthia L. Gibert , Maria C. Rodriguez-Barradas , Kristina Crothers
Substance Abuse
Vol. 37, Iss. 2, 2016

This study determined factors associated with self-reported contemplation of smoking cessation and having made a prior quit attempt in the last year in HIV-infected compared to HIV-uninfected current smokers. While there were not overall major differences by HIV status, unhealthy alcohol use was significantly associated with both decreased likelihood of contemplating cessation and making a prior quit attempt in HIV-infected smokers. Shortness of breath and/or wheezing was associated with an increased likelihood of contemplating smoking cessation, whereas a new diagnosis of chronic pulmonary disease was associated with greater likelihood of having made a prior quit attempt in those with HIV. These findings suggest that smoking cessation rates may be improved by considering combined interventions for smoking cessation and unhealthy alcohol use for HIV-infected patients in future trials. Our results also suggest that HIV-infected patients with respiratory symptoms such as shortness of breath and wheezing, or newly diagnosed with pulmonary disease may represent a more receptive population who could benefit from targeted interventions to improve the likelihood of sustained, successful cessation.

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Our newly released issue is now online —> April-June 2016.
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We ask authors to describe their impressions regarding the implications of their accepted work, how their findings will change practice, and what is noteworthy about the work.

Residents’ experience of screening, brief intervention, and referral to treatment (SBIRT) as a clinical tool following practical application: A mixed-methods study
A. Jill Clemence , Victoria I. Balkoski , Minsun Lee , John Poston , Bianca M. Schaefer , Isabelle M. Maisonneuve , Nicole Bromley , Mark Lukowitsky , Portia Pieterse , Angela Antonikowski , Christopher J. Hamilton, Schekeva Hall, Stanley D. Glick
Substance Abuse
Vol. 37, Iss. 2, 2016

The current study found that after ample opportunity to practice SBIRT techniques in clinical work, residents remained highly satisfied with SBIRT training, showed high rates of dissemination among their colleagues, and reported that SBIRT had good clinical utility. Much of the success of the training seemed tied to enhancing trainee skill and confidence in working with patients regarding issues of substance use. A significant number of trainees reported that training made them more likely to talk to their patients about substance use and allowed them to be more effective in helping their patients with substance use issues. Likewise, they felt SBIRT training provided them useful tools for engaging patients around issues of substance use. Indeed, after months of practice, residents continued to find the training relevant to their work, with more than 80% of trainees applying the skills they had learned to their daily work. This compelling finding supports the utility of screening and BIs in clinical practice and speaks to the willingness and ability of physicians to use these tools. This and previous research indicates that SBIRT training may increase use of screening at the population level when widely disseminated.

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Our newly released issue is now online —> April-June 2016.
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